the publication of research findings, it is perhaps unsurprising that this repeatedly leads to cases of fraud. To protect nonprofit research from this, an international group of researchers advocates in this article for greater transparency in empirical research and for Open Data. In addition to enabling the replication of studies, this has a number of positive effects. For example, empirical data—collected and analyzed with great effort—often remains under-analyzed. International comparative research has frequently failed due to lack of data availability. The work involved in data collection is thus also evaluated more fairly.

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