The Vienna Centre for Migration & Law (VCML) opened its doors with an inaugural conference titled “Migration in Times of Polarisation”, held from 30 June to 1 July 2025. LawGov’s Tamás Molnár contributed to the event by discussing the peculiarities of reparation for the wrongful expulsion of non-nationals, including pushbacks and border rejections, in light of the Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA), and beyond. In his talk, he explored key patterns and common principles as well as still grey areas in the international practice in this topical area. In doing so, he revealed a legal landscape sitting on the fence between existing law and its progressive development – with the UN International Law Commission having played a pivotal role in the latter.